Iron and steel are essential aspects of ferrous metals. These are also essential for manufacturing tools, equipment, and construction due to their strength, adaptability, and durability. Ferrous metals are widely used in industrial machinery, architectural constructions, and automobiles. However, a major drawback of such metals is their susceptibility to corrosion. Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the environment thereby forming iron oxide or rust. Furthermore, rust alters the metalβs surface along with gradually eroding its structural integrity. It decreases the metalβs strength and durability. Therefore, it is vital to understand the vital reasons for this corrosion to improve the lifespan of ferrous metals and introduce preventive measures in place.
Let us explore five reasons why ferrous metals have limited corrosion resistance.
High iron content
Iron has been the major element in ferrous metals. Iron provides these metals adequate strength and makes them vulnerable to corrosion. Iron oxide is often referred to rust. It is produced when iron blends with water and oxygen. It is challenging to stop the process without further protection.
Porous surface
Tiny pores or fissures may appear on the surface of ferrous metals over time. These flaws provide the ideal environment for rust to occur by trapping air and moisture. Once rust starts, it spreads swiftly and erodes the metal’s whole structure.
No natural protective layer
These metals have been unable to generate a protective layer naturally. Unlike aluminum, ferrous metals are unable to generate a protective oxide layer. The aluminum oxide coating serves as a barrier to stop further corrosion. However, ferrous metals have become vulnerable to deterioration as they have been exposed to the atmosphere completely.
Environmental factors
The corrosion process can be accelerated by specific environmental factors. For instance, ferrous metals rust more quickly when exposed to industrial pollution or saline air in coastal areas. Iron, oxygen, and water react more strongly when salt is added as a catalyst. Corrosion can also occur quickly due to chemicals in contaminated surroundings.
Impact of temperature changes
Condensation develops on ferrous metal surfaces as a result of frequent temperature variations. Rust is encouraged by the combination of this moisture and atmospheric oxygen. Significant corrosion develops over time as a result of frequent contact with moisture, particularly in humid environments.
The conclusion
Ferrous metals are essential to many sectors, their propensity to corrode demands care. Recognizing their limitations contributes to the long-term dependability and utility of ferrous metals.